Bioremediation of Soil Pollution: An Effective Approach for Sustainable Agriculture

Soil pollution, primarily caused by the excessive use of pesticides, heavy metals, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff, is a significant global environmental challenge. Traditional methods of soil remediation, such as chemical treatments and physical excavation, are costly, disruptive, and environmentally unsustainable. In contrast, bioremediation has emerged as a promising, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution to restore contaminated soils. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of bioremediation techniques, their mechanisms, applications in agriculture, and their role in promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, it examines the potential benefits, challenges, and future prospects of bioremediation in addressing soil pollution while ensuring long-term soil health and agricultural productivity.