Introduction to Insect Pests of Arhar [Cajanus cajan (Linnaeus) Huth] Crop and their Management: A Review

Arhar (Cajanus cajan), commonly known as pigeonpea, is an important leguminous crop widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions due to its high nutritional value and adaptability. However, the cultivation of arhar is significantly impacted by various insect pests, which pose serious threats to its growth and yield. This paper provides an overview of the major insect pests affecting arhar, including the gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera), spotted pod borer (Maruca vitrata) and pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa), among others. These pests contribute to substantial yield losses through their feeding habits on flowers, pods, and foliage. The interactions between these pests and the abiotic and biotic factors influencing their populations are also discussed. Effective management strategies are essential for mitigating the damage caused by these pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, including cultural, biological, and chemical control measures, are emphasized as sustainable practices to enhance crop productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. The importance of developing pest-resistant varieties and the role of monitoring and forecasting systems in pest management are highlighted to support farmers in achieving optimal arhar production.